11_09_Mixdown_and_bounce_operations

AW1600
Owner's Manual


Chapter 9
Mixdown and bounce operations
This chapter explains mixdown operations, in which you mix previously-recorded tracks and record the result on the stereo track. This chapter also covers "bouncing" or "ping-pong recording" of multiple tracks to a mono track or stereo tracks, as well as operation of the Pitch Fix function to polish up a vocal track.

About mixdown and bouncing
"Mixdown" is the process by which the signals recorded on the recorder tracks are mixed to stereo, and recorded on the internal stereo track to complete the song. The contents of the stereo track can be used without further processing as material to create an audio CD.

The diagram below shows the signal flow during mixdown. The playback of each track is sent to the stereo bus, passes through the stereo output channel, and is recorded on the stereo track. At this time you also add the signals from pad channels 1 to 4 and input channels 1 to 8.

Signal flow during mixdown

(Figure)
Recorder section
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
MIC/LINE INPUT jacks
Pad channels 1 to 4
Input channels 1 to 8
Track channels 1 to 16
Sound clip
Stereo output channel
Stereo bus
Mixer section

"Bounce" is the process by which the signals recorded on multiple tracks are mixed to the stereo bus, and re-recorded on one or two other tracks. (This process is also called "ping-pong recording.")
The diagram below shows the signal flow during bouncing. This process differs from mixdown in several points; you use the L/R bus instead of the stereo bus, only the track channels are the recording sources, and that the recording-destination is one or two vacant tracks. This diagram shows an example in which the track 1 to 8 signals are bounced to tracks 9/10. After bouncing, you can switch the virtual tracks for tracks 1 to 8, and use these tracks to record other instrumental performances.

Signal flow during bouncing

(Figure)
Recorder section
Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
Track 5
Track 6
Track 7
Track 8
Track 9
Track 10
Track channels
Buses L/R
Stereo output channel
Mixer section

The Pitch Fix function can be used to edit and correct the pitch and other properties of vocal tracks. Pitch Fix is different from Bounce in that only one source and destination track can be selected, and that no other effects can be used while the Pitch Fix function is active.

Preparing for mixdown
To prepare for mixdown, select the track channels that you will mix down, and adjust the balance and tone of each track.

1	Lower the [STEREO] fader to the -infinity position.
2	In the Quick Navigate section, repeatedly press the [RECORD] key or hold down the [RECORD] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the MIXDOWN page of the RECORD screen.
The MIXDOWN page is where you can perform mixdown operations. In this page you can select the channels that will be recorded via the stereo bus onto the stereo track.

1	REC button
Puts the stereo track in record-ready mode.

2	SAFE button
Defeats the record-ready state of the stereo track.

3	LIBRARY button
Accesses the mastering library.

4	Stereo bus
Indicates the on/off status of the channels being sent to the stereo bus. The numbers within the screen correspond to the following channels.

INPUT 1 to 8
Input channels 1 to 8

P1 to P4
Pad channels 1 to 4

TRACK 1 to 16
Track channels 1 to 16

3	Use the [INPUT SEL] keys, [TRACK SEL] keys, and pad keys 1 to 4 to select the channels that you want to send to the stereo bus.
The screen will change as follows each time you press a key or pad repeatedly.

NOTE
The track numbers of muted tracks will be displayed as "M" (mute), but you can still record to muted tracks.
Since 24-bit songs can have a maximum of 8 play tracks (-> p. 143), tracks 9 to 16 are muted and will not play back.

HINT
All channels will be turned on by default. However in order to obtain the best S/N ratio, you should turn off any channels that you are not using.
You can also add the signals of the input channels or pad channels to the mixdown (-> p. 92).

4	If you want to use the mastering library, move the cursor to the LIBRARY button and press the [ENTER] key.
The MASTERING LIBRARY popup window will appear. Turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to select the desired library data, then move the cursor to the RECALL button and press the [ENTER] key.

HINT
The mastering library contains data for loading EQ/dynamics settings into the stereo output channel. (For details, refer to -> p. 78)

5	If you want to adjust the pan of each track channel, repeatedly press the Selected Channel section [PAN/BAL] knob or hold down the [PAN/BAL] knob and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the PAN page of the PAN screen.
In this page you can set pairing, phase, and pan for each channel.

1	PAIR
Indicates the paired status of adjacent odd-numbered/even-numbered channels. A heart symbol indicates channels that are paired, and a broken heart symbol indicates channels that are not paired. You can also set or defeat pairing in this page by moving the cursor to a heart symbol and pressing the [ENTER] key.

NOTE
Track channels 9/10 to 15/16 and pad channels 1 to 4 always function as paired channels. Pairing cannot be defeated for these channels.

2	PHASE
Switches the phase of the signal of each channel between normal and reversed. Move the cursor to this location and press the [ENTER] key to switch between N (Normal) and R (Reverse) phase.

3	PAN
Adjusts the pan (the left/right position when the signal is sent to the stereo bus or L/R bus) of each channel.

NOTE
If the page is different than shown above, make sure that you have selected track channels as the object of operations. (This is indicated in the upper left of the screen.) If input channels and pad channels are selected, press any one of the [TRACK SEL] keys.
Even if channels are paired, their phase and pan are not linked. Set these parameters individually for each channel.

6	Move the cursor to the PAN knob of each track channel, and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the pan setting.

HINT
Another way of adjusting the pan is to press a [TRACK SEL] key to select a track channel, and then turn the [PAN/BAL] knob in the Selected Channel section. This method is convenient when you want to adjust the pan without displaying a different screen. If you use the [PAN/BAL] knob to adjust the pan of track channels 9/10 to 15/16, moving the knob will initially cause only the pan value of one side to change. When that pan value reaches the far right or left, the other pan value will then begin to change.

7	Raise the [STEREO] fader to the 0 dB position.
8	While you play back the song, raise the track channel faders to an appropriate level. If necessary, adjust the EQ and dynamics of each track channel.
You can adjust the track channel EQ/dynamics in a similar way as for the input channels; press a [TRACK SEL] key to select a track channel, and use the Selected Channel section [EQ] knob and [DYN] knob.

Using the internal effects via send/return
You can use the internal effects via send/return to add effects to the mixdown. As an example, here's how to use internal effect 1 in this way.

Internally connecting an internal effect via send/return
The "Track recording" chapter explained how to insert an internal effect into an input channel by using the input library. If an insert effect has been inserted in a channel, you must first "un-insert" that effect (cancel the insertion) before you can use it in a send/return configuration.

1	Press any [INPUT SEL] key to select an input channel for operations.
2	Repeatedly press the [EFFECT 1] knob or hold down the [EFFECT 1] knob and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the SEND page of the EFF1 screen.
The SEND page of the EFF1 screen will appear.

1	EFF INSERT
Inserts/cancels an insert effect for a specific channel. The display will indicate "on" for a channel into which an effect is currently inserted.

HINT
If the page you see is different than shown above, make sure that input channels are selected as the object of your operations. (This is shown in the upper left of the screen.) If track channels are selected, press one of the [INPUT SEL] keys.

3	Move the cursor to the EFF INSERT field of the channel into which effect 1 is inserted, and press the [ENTER] key.
A popup window will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel (release) the effect insertion.
4	Move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key.
Insertion of insert effect 1 into that channel will be cancelled, and now you are free to use this effect in the mixer section via send/return.

Adjusting the effect send level
Here's how to load an effect library into internal effect 1, and adjust the level (effect send level) of the signal that is sent from each channel via effect bus 1 to internal effect 1.

1	Repeatedly press the [EFFECT 1] knob or hold down the [EFFECT 1] knob and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the LIBRARY page of the EFF1 screen.
2	Select the effect library that you want to use, and load it into internal effect 1.
In this example, we will select a reverb-type library.
3	Press the [EFFECT 1] knob once to access the SEND page of the EFF1 screen.
If insert effect 1 is connected via the mixer section send/return, the following items will be added to the SEND page of the EFF1 screen.

1	EFF
Adjusts the send level of the signal that is sent from each channel to insert effect 1.

2	PRE/POST
Selects the location from which the signal from each channel will be sent to insert effect 1. Move the cursor to this area and press the [ENTER] key to switch between the following two settings.

PRE (pre-fader)
The signal from immediately before the fader will be sent.

POST (post-fader)
The signal from immediately after the fader will be sent.

NOTE
If the page you see is different than shown above, make sure that track channels are selected as the object of your operations. (This is shown in the upper left of the screen.) If input channels/pad channels are selected, press one of the [TRACK SEL] keys.

4	Move the cursor to the PRE/POST field in the screen, and press the [ENTER] key to specify the location from which the signal will be sent from each channel to internal effect 1.
Select POST if you want the volume of the effect sound to be affected by the fader position. Select PRE if you want to set the volume of the effect sound independently of the fader position.
5	While you play back the song, move the cursor to the EFF knobs in the screen, and adjust the level of the signal that is sent from each channel to internal effect 1.

HINT
Another way of adjusting the send level to internal effect 1 is to press a [TRACK SEL] key to select a track channel, and then turn the [EFFECT 1] knob of the Selected Channel section. This method is convenient if you want to adjust the effect level without displaying a different screen.

6	To adjust the master level of the effect send, repeatedly press the Selected Channel section [VIEW] key or hold down the [VIEW] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the BUS page of the VIEW screen.
The BUS page of the VIEW screen lets you use on-screen faders to adjust the master level of each bus.

1	PEAK button
This is an on/off switch for the peak hold function of the level meters. If this button is on, a peak indicator "peak" will show the level meter peaks, and will remain displayed. To reset this indicator, you can temporarily switch the PEAK button off. This setting is shared with the METER page of the VIEW screen.

2	PRE/POST button
This selects whether the level meters of the BUS page will indicate the pre-fader level (PRE) or the post-fader level (POST). This setting is independent from the METER page of the VIEW screen.

3	AUX
4	EFF
5	BUS
Use these faders to adjust the master levels of AUX buses 1/2, effect buses 1/2, and the L/R bus. The level of each bus is indicated by the level meters at the right of each fader.
7	Move the cursor to the fader for effect bus 1, and use the [DATA/JOG] dial to raise or lower it.

HINT
You can also adjust the level of the return signal that is returned from the internal effect to the mixer section. For details, refer to "Editing the parameters of an internal effect" (-> p. 97).

Recording on the stereo track
Here's how to record the final mix on the stereo track.

1	In the Quick Navigate section, repeatedly press the [RECORD] key or hold down the [RECORD] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the MIXDOWN page of the RECORD screen.
2	Move the cursor to the REC button of the MIXDOWN page, and press the [ENTER] key to turn the button on.
The panel [STEREO] key will blink red. This blinking indicates that the stereo track is in record-ready mode.
3	Press the RTZ key to rewind the song. Then hold down the REC key and press the PLAY key.
The song will begin playing, and the playback will be recorded on the stereo track.

HINT
The data that is recorded here on the stereo track will be the data that is used to create an audio CD. If you want to precisely specify the beginning or end of the song, it is convenient to use Auto Punch-in/out (-> p. 59).

4	When you reach the end of the song, move the cursor to the SAFE button in the screen and press the [ENTER] key.
A popup window will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel record-ready mode. Move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key.
5	To play back the stereo track, repeatedly press the Quick Navigate section [MONITOR] key or hold down the [MONITOR] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the ST.TRACK page of the MONITOR screen.

1	ST.TRACK ON/OFF button
Switches stereo track playback on/off.

2	Virtual track
Selects the virtual track that is assigned to the stereo track. The currently selected virtual track is indicated by a "Black O." Of the other virtual tracks, those that have already been recorded are indicated by "White O," and the unrecorded tracks are indicated by "-".

3	Track view
In this area, markers and the presence or absence of track data are displayed graphically.

4	PRE/POST buttons
These buttons select whether the level meter in the ST.TRACK page will indicate the pre-fader level (PRE) or the post-fader level (POST). This setting is shared with the BUS page of the VIEW screen.

5	Level meter
This indicates the output level of the stereo track.

6	Switch the ST.TRACK ON/OFF button ON.
When this button is on, the stereo track output will be sent to a point directly before the [STEREO] fader, and can be monitored from the STEREO/AUX OUT jacks or the MONITOR OUT jacks. At this time, the record-ready status of all tracks will be cancelled.

HINT
Even while the stereo track is playing, you can still monitor the signals from the input channels.

NOTE
EQ and dynamics processing are applied to the playback of the stereo track.

7	Press the RTZ key to rewind the song, and press the PLAY key.
The stereo track will be played back. Use the [STEREO] fader to adjust the monitor level.
When playback ends and you want to move to a different screen, switch the ST.TRACK ON/OFF button OFF.

HINT
If desired, you can use the [UNDO/REDO] button to cancel the recording that was made on the stereo track (-> p. 61), or use the ST.TRACK page to switch virtual tracks and record another take (-> p. 62).

8	Save the song.
If the song is not saved after it has been recorded as a stereo track, it cannot be selected for burning to a CD.

Bounce (ping-pong) recording procedure
Here's how to perform the bounce (ping-pong) recording procedure, which lets you combine multiple tracks onto one or two tracks.

HINT
If you plan to add an effect to a specific track, be sure to insert the effect you plan to use into the appropriate track channel beforehand (-> p. 99).

1	Lower the [STEREO] fader to the -infinity position.
2	In the Quick Navigate section, repeatedly press the [RECORD] key or hold down the [RECORD] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the BOUNCE page of the RECORD screen.
In the BOUNCE page you can select the bounce-source tracks, and record them via the L/R bus onto one or two bounce-destination tracks.

1	TRACK (upper line)
Selects the bounce-source tracks.

2	Bus L/R
The two horizontal lines indicate the L/R bus signal route. This lets you see the on/off status of the signals that are sent from the bounce-source tracks, and see the selected bounce-destination track(s).

3	TRACK (lower line)
Here you can select the bounce-destination track(s).

4	SAFE button
When you move the cursor to this button and press the [ENTER] key, all bounce-source and bounce-destination assignments will be cancelled.

5	BUS button
When you move the cursor to this button and press the [ENTER] key, the right side of the screen will show a fader for adjusting the output level of the L/R bus, and a dedicated level meter for the L/R bus.

6	PITCH FIX button
Position the cursor at this button and press [ENTER] to engage the PITCH FIX mode. Use PITCH FIX to correct the pitch and other properties of a vocal track (-> p. 89).

3	In the upper TRACK area, select a bounce-source track, move the cursor to the point symbol for that track, and press the [ENTER] key.
Each time you press the [ENTER] key, the screen will change as follows.

HINT
If a track channel is selected as a bounce-source, its assignment to the L/R bus will automatically be turned off.

NOTE
The track numbers of muted tracks will be displayed as "M" (mute), but you can still record to muted tracks.
Since 24-bit songs can have a maximum of 8 play tracks (-> p. 143), tracks 9 to 16 are muted and will not play back.

4	Select other bounce-source tracks in the same way.
5	Use the [TRACK SEL] keys to select a bounce-destination track.
The [TRACK SEL] key will blink red, indicates that the corresponding track is selected as the bounce-destination. A line will appear in the screen to indicate the connection to the track. (To cancel your selection, press the same key once again.)
You can select up to two bounce-destination tracks. If you select track 1, 3, 5, or 7, bus L will be connected. If you select track 2, 4, 6, or 8, bus R will be connected. If you select track 9/10 to 15/16, bus L will be connected to the odd-numbered track, and bus R will be connected to the even-numbered track.

HINT
If you move the cursor to the SAFE button and press the [ENTER] key, all connections will be cancelled.
EQ and dynamics settings will be "flat" for the track channels of the tracks you select as the recording-destination.
If you select an unpaired track, the pan of the track channel will be at the center position. If you select paired tracks, the pan of adjacent odd-numbered/even-numbered track channels will be spread to left and right respectively.

6	Raise the [STEREO] fader and the faders of the track channel(s) you selected as the bounce-destination to the 0 dB position.
7	Press the RTZ key to rewind the song. Then hold down the REC key and press the PLAY key.
The song will begin playing back, and will be recorded on the bounce-destination track(s).
8	While you record the song, raise the faders of the bounce-source track channels to an appropriate level. Adjust the pan, EQ, and dynamics of each track channel as necessary.

NOTE
The bounce-destination faders will not affect the content that is recorded. However, the bounce-source faders specify the volume balance that will be recorded.

HINT
When Auto Punch-in/out is engaged, you can monitor the bounce source track channels during playback even when not recording.

9	When you reach the end of the song, stop the song and press the RTZ key to rewind.

HINT
If you're not satisfied with what has been recorded, press the [UNDO/REDO] button to undo the recording and go back to step 7.

10	To check the recorded result, move the cursor to the SAFE button and press the [ENTER] key to cancel the recording settings.
11	Access the ON/OFF page of the MONITOR screen (-> p. 31), turn off all track channels other than the bounce-destination, and press the PLAY key.

HINT
If you attempt to change the screen or page without using the SAFE button, a popup window asking "Clear Current REC Setting?" will appear, asking you whether it is ok to clear the current recording settings. Move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key.
If desired, you can use the [UNDO/REDO] button to cancel the bounce-recording operation (-> p. 61), or switch the virtual track of the bounce-destination and record another take (-> p. 62).

Correcting a Vocal Track (Pitch Fix)
The Pitch Fix function can be used to "fix" the pitch of a vocal track, or create chorus parts based on a main vocal part. An Auto Punch-in/out function is also provided which allows a specified segment of a vocal track to be processed and replaced. Pitch Fix can be useful in the following situations:

Correct the pitch of slightly flat or sharp vocals.

Correct the pitch of a specified segment or phrase of a vocal track using the Auto Punch-in/out function.

Create a chorus part using an external MIDI keyboard to specify the pitch of the chorus part - a third above the main vocal, for example.

Change the key of a vocal track.

NOTE
If you will be using to an external MIDI keyboard to specify the pitch for vocal pitch correction or a chorus part, the MIDI OUT connector of an appropriate MIDI keyboard must be connected to the AW1600 MIDI IN connector via a standard MIDI cable. In this case the UTILITY MIDI 1 page IN PORT parameter must be set to MIDI. Keyboard connection can also be made via the USB port.

1	When you want to specify a segment of a vocal track to be processed, it is necessary to set up the Auto Punch-in/out function.
Details on setting up the Auto Punch-in/out function can be found in steps 1 through 7 under "Auto punch-in/out" on page 59.
2	In the Quick Navigate section, repeatedly press the [RECORD] key or hold down the [RECORD] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the BOUNCE page of the RECORD screen.
3	Move the cursor to the PITCH FIX button and press the [ENTER] key.
A popup window will appear which allows you to select the source edit track.
4	Specify the source edit track in the TRACK filed, then move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key.
A popup window will appear which allows you to select the record destination track and the virtual track.

NOTE
Different tracks must be specified for the source and destination.

5	Specify the record destination track in the TRACK field and the virtual track in the V.TR filed, then move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key.
This will select the PITCH FIX display.

NOTE
The following occur when the PITCH FIX mode is engaged :
No other display can be selected from the panel keys.
Record track assignments are ignored.
No internal effects other than Pitch fix can be accessed.
The Tempo Map (scene numbers) is temporarily ignored.
MIDI program and control change messages cannot be received.

1	EXIT button
Move the cursor to the EXIT button and press [ENTER] to exit from the PITCH FIX mode and return to the BOUNCE page.

2	BYPASS button
To monitor the vocal track prior to pitch correction, move the cursor to this button and press [ENTER].

3	From TR
Indicates the track to be edited (the source track). This field is only for display, and cannot be edited.

4	To TR/V.TR
Indicates the track and virtual track to which the processed source track will be recorded (the destination track). This field is only for display, and cannot be edited.

5	CTRL
Selects the method of pitch correction/shift from the three ways below.

SCALE
Specify the scale via received MIDI notes to adjust the pitch. For example, if you play a chord on a connected MIDI keyboard, the pitch is shifted by the notes included in the chord.

NOTE
The pitch is changed according to the received MIDI note.

PANEL
This lets you adjust the pitch by specifying a scale from the keyboard on the display.

6	TYPE
Sets this to an appropriate value to maximize the accuracy of the pitch change of the original signal. Generally, this should be set to Normal; however, for low vocals, set this to Male, and for high vocals, set it to Female.

7	DETECT
This determines the time resolution for pitch change. The shorter the setting, the more quickly the pitch change is recognized. The longer the setting, the more slowly pitch changes are made, resulting in more abrupt, step-like pitch changes.

8	RATE
This determines the speed resolution for pitch change. The faster the setting, the more quickly the pitch is changed, increasing the apparent effectiveness of the pitch change function. When this is set to "000," there is no pitch change.

9	FORMANT
This determines the vocal quality (character) of the pitch-adjusted signal. Positive (+) values result in a higher voice quality and negative (-) values result in a lower voice quality.

10	PITCH
This determines the octave setting of the pitch-adjusted signal. The range is from -2 to 2 octaves in semitone steps. The integer and fraction segments of the value are set separately.

11	Keyboard
The graphic keyboard can be used to specify notes when the CTRL parameter is set to PANEL. To turn a note on or off, move the cursor to the desired note and press [ENTER].

6	Raise the [STEREO] fader and the fader of the destination track channel to about 0dB on the scale.
7	Press the RTZ key to rewind the song to the beginning, then press the PLAY key while holding the REC key.
Song playback will begin and the processed data will be recorded to the destination track.
If the CTRL mode is set to SCALE or NOTE and you have an external MIDI keyboard connected, use the keyboard to play the required harmony notes for the chorus parts while listening to the vocal track.
8	Set the channel fader for the source track to an appropriate level while listening to playback of the song.

NOTE
The fader of the destination track - the track to which the processed vocal track will be recorded - has no effect on the recorded signal. The source track fader determines the final balance, so set it with care.

HINT
When Auto Punch-in/out is engaged, you can monitor the source track channels during playback even when not recording.

9	Move the cursor to RATE and use the [DATA/JOG] dial to increase the pitch correction level while listening to song playback.
The pitch of notes in the source vocal track will be corrected to the pitch of the nearest note.

NOTE
If you know the which notes should and should not be used for correction, you can turn them on or off via the graphic keyboard, or change the CTRL mode as required and turn notes on or off via the corresponding method.

10	Set the sound and pitch parameters as required while listening to song playback.
If you want to change the key of a vocal track, set the PITCH parameter. If you want to create a chorus part, set the CTRL parameter to NOTE.

NOTE
While making the required correction setting you can select the BYPASS mode to monitor the pre-correction display settings and sound.

11	When the end of the song is reached, stop the song and press the RTZ key to rewind.

HINT
If you're not satisfied with what has been recorded, press the [UNDO/REDO] button to undo the recording and go back to step 7.

12	Move the cursor to the EXIT button and press [ENTER].
A popup window will appear asking you to confirm that it's OK to exit from the PITCH FIX mode.
13	To return to the BOUNCE page move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key.
The PITCH FIX mode will be exited and the BOUNCE display will appear.

Convenient functions during mixdown/bounce operations
Here are some convenient functions that you can use during mixdown or bounce operations.

Adding input signals or pad performances during mixdown
During mixdown, you can add signals from the input channels or pad channels. For example, you could add a performance from a workstation-type synthesizer (with built-in sequencer) that is synchronized to the AW1600 song, or add sound effects that have been assigned to the pads. To do this, perform the following steps after you have completed "Preparing for mixdown" (-> p. 83).

1	In the Quick Navigate section, repeatedly press the [RECORD] key or hold down the [RECORD] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the MIXDOWN page of the RECORD screen.
2	Press the [INPUT SEL] key or pad that corresponds to the input channel or pad channel you want to use, to add that channel as a mixdown-source.
3	In the Selected Channel section, repeatedly press the [PAN/BAL] knob or hold down the [PAN/BAL] knob and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the PAN page of the PAN screen.

NOTE
If the page you see is different than shown above, make sure that input channels/pad channels are selected as the object of your operations. (This is shown in the upper left of the screen.) If track channels are selected, press one of the [INPUT SEL] keys or pads.

4	Move the cursor to the PAN knob of the channel you want to use, and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the pan setting.
5	In the Selected Channel section, repeatedly press the [VIEW] key or hold down the [VIEW] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the FADER page of the VIEW screen.
In the FADER page of the VIEW screen, you can use on-screen faders to adjust the faders (input level) of each channel.

1	ON/OFF buttons
These buttons switch each channel on/off.

2	Faders
These faders adjust the input level of each channel.

6	While you play back the song, move the cursor to the on-screen faders and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the level of the input channels/pad channels that you want to use.
7	If necessary, adjust EQ, dynamics, and the send level to the internal effects for each input channel or pad channel.
Now you have completed the preparations for adding input channel or pad channel signals to the mixdown. Record the mixdown on the stereo channel as described in "Recording on the stereo track" (-> p. 87).

Using meters to check the level of each channel
During mixdown or bouncing, you can watch meters that indicate the input levels in a single screen. To do so, repeatedly press the Selected Channel section [VIEW] key or hold down the [VIEW] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the METER page of the VIEW screen.
In the METER page, the display will change depending on the channel that is currently selected (shown in the upper left of the screen). Press an [INPUT SEL] key to view the meters for the input channels/pad channels, or press a [TRACK SEL] key to view the meters for the track channels.

If a track channel is selected

If an input channel/pad channel is selected

1	PEAK button
This button switches the level meter peak hold function on/off. When this button is on, a "peak" indicator will show the peaks of the level meters, and this indicator will be held. To reset the indicator, temporarily turn off the PEAK button. This setting is shared with the BUS page of the VIEW screen.

2	PRE/POST buttons
These buttons select whether the level meters in the METER page will indicate the pre-fader levels (PRE) or the post-fader levels (POST). This setting is independent from the BUS page of the VIEW screen.

3	Level meters
These indicate the input level of each channel.

Viewing all parameters for a certain channel
Sometimes you will want to see all mix parameters for a certain channel in a single screen. To do this, repeatedly press the Selected Channel section [VIEW] key or hold down the [VIEW] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the CH VIEW page of the VIEW screen. (Some items can also be edited from this page.)
The display in the CH VIEW page will change depending on the currently selected channel (shown in the upper left of the screen). Use the [INPUT SEL] keys, pads 1 to 4, [TRACK SEL] keys, and [STEREO SEL] key to select the channel that you want to view.

If an input channel, pad channel, or track channel is selected

If the stereo output channel is selected

1	Pairing
Indicates the pairing status of adjacent odd-numbered/even-numbered channels. Paired channels are indicated by a heart-shaped symbol, and unpaired channels are indicated by a broken heart.
Move the cursor here and press the [ENTER] key to switch pairing on/off.

NOTE
Pairing cannot be switched off for track channels 9/10 to 15/16, pad channels 1 to 4, and the stereo channel.

2	ATT knob
Move the cursor to this knob and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the attenuation of the signal over a range of 0 to -96 dB before it enters the EQ. This is the same function as the ATT. knob in the EDIT page of the EQ screen.

3	Phase (except for the stereo output channel)
Move the cursor here and press the [ENTER] key to switch the phase of the signal between N (Normal) and R (Reverse).

4	Effect insert
This lets you insert an internal effect into the channel. When you move the cursor here and press the [ENTER] key, a popup window will appear, allowing you to select internal effect 1 or 2.

5	EQ
Move the cursor here and press the [ENTER] key to switch EQ on/off.

6	DYN
Move the cursor here and press the [ENTER] key to switch dynamics on/off.

7	ON/OFF
Move the cursor here and press the [ENTER] key to switch the channel on/off.

8	EFF1 (except for the stereo output channel)
9	EFF2 (except for the stereo output channel)
10	AUX1 (except for the stereo output channel)
11	AUX2 (except for the stereo output channel)
Move the cursor to these knobs and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the send levels to effect buses 1/2 and AUX buses 1/2.
By moving the cursor to the left of the knob and pressing the [ENTER] key, you can switch between pre-fader (send the pre-fader signal to the bus) and post-fader (send the post-fader signal to the bus).

12	PAN/BALANCE knob
Move the cursor to this knob and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the pan (or balance, in the case of the stereo output channel) of the signal that is sent from the channel to the stereo bus or L/R bus.

13	FADER knob (except for the stereo output channel)
Move the cursor to this knob and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the level of the signal that is sent from the channel to the stereo bus or L/R bus. The range is -infinity to +6 dB.

NOTE
The FADER knob of a track channel will follow the operation of the corresponding panel fader 1 to 8 or 9/10 to 15/16. However, please note that if you adjust an on-screen knob and then operate the panel fader, the value will not change until the fader passes the current value.

14	OUTPUT LEVEL (only for the stereo output channel)
Move the cursor to this knob and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the output level of the signal that is sent from the stereo output channel to the STEREO/AUX OUT jacks and MONITOR OUT jacks. The range is -infinity to 0 dB.

NOTE
The OUTPUT LEVEL knob will follow the operation of the panel [STEREO FADER]. However, please note that if you adjust the on-screen knob and then operate the panel fader, the value will not change until the fader passes the current value.

Initializing a channel
The mix parameters (EQ, dynamics, pan, etc.) of a channel can be reset to their default settings in a single operation. This function lets you start mixdown or bounce operations with the track channels "zeroed," and provides an easy way to reset the levels back to the nominal setting if you can no longer hear any sound.

1	In the Quick Navigate section, repeatedly press the [MONITOR] key or hold down the [MONITOR] key and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the INIT page.
In this page you can separately initialize the mix parameters of input channels 1 to 8, pad channels 1 to 4, or track channels 1 to 16.
2	Press the [INPUT SEL] key, pad, or [TRACK SEL] key for the channel that you want to initialize.
When you press a key or pad, the upper line of the screen will indicate "CH.PARAMETER INITIALIZED," and the corresponding channel will be initialized. (Channel library 00 will be recalled.)
An initialized channel will have the following mix parameter settings.

(Table)
	Input channel	Pad channel	Track channel
Phase	no change	no change	no change
Attenuation	0 dB	0 dB	0 dB
EQ	ON	ON	ON
EQ parameters	default (flat)	default (flat)	default (flat)
Dynamics on/off	OFF	OFF	OFF
Dynamics type	COMP	COMP	COMP
Dynamics parameters	no effect	no effect	no effect
Pan	If paired: L channel = L16, R channel = R16	L channel = L16	If paired: L channel = L16, R channel = R16
	If unpaired: center	R channel = R16	If unpaired: center
Fader	0 dB*	0 dB	no change*
(Table End)

* If FADER FLIP is set to TRACK in the UTILITY screen PREFER page.

Editing the EQ parameters
The chapters entitled "Track recording" and "Overdubbing" explained how to load an EQ library and use the Selected Channel section [EQ] knob to make adjustments. Here's how you can make more detailed adjustments to the EQ parameters.

1	Press an [INPUT SEL] key, a pad 1 to 4, a [TRACK SEL] key, or the [STEREO SEL] key to select the channel whose EQ you want to adjust.
2	If desired, load library data from the EQ library.
3	Repeatedly press the Selected Channel section [EQ] knob or hold down the [EQ] knob and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the EDIT page of the EQ screen.
The EDIT page of the EQ screen lets you edit all of the EQ parameters.

1	ON/OFF button
Switches the EQ on/off.

2	Response curve
Graphically indicates the approximate response of the EQ.

3	FLAT button
Move the cursor to this button and press the [ENTER] key to reset the boost/cut amount of all bands to 0 dB.

4	ATT. (Attenuation) knob
Attenuates the signal immediately before it is input to the EQ, over a range of -96 to 0 dB. This is used mainly to prevent the signal from clipping when you use the EQ to boost a specific frequency region.

5	Output meter
Indicates the level of the signal after it has passed through the EQ.

6	Q knobs
Specify the Q (steepness) at which each band (HIGH, HI-MID, LO-MID, LOW) will be boosted or cut. The range is 10 to 0.10, and higher settings will produce a steeper curve.

7	F (Frequency) knobs
Specify the center frequency of the boost/cut, over a range of 21.2 Hz to 20.0 kHz.

8	G (Gain) knobs
Specify the amount of boost/cut, over a range of -18.0 dB to +18.0 dB.

4	Move the cursor to the parameter that you want to edit, and use the [DATA/JOG] dial to adjust the value.
5	To switch the LOW band type, move the cursor to the LOW band Q knob and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial toward the left.
With the default EQ settings, the LOW band is a shelving type. (The value field for the Q knob will indicate "L.SHL".)
If you turn the Q knob toward the left, the Q knob value field will change to a numerical value, and will switch to the same boost/cut type as the HI-MID and LO-MID bands.
If you continue turning the Q knob toward the left, the Q knob value field will indicate "HPF," and the LOW band will function as a high-pass filter. If "HPF" is selected, you can use the LOW band G knob to switch the high-pass filter on/off.
6	To switch the HIGH band type, turn the HIGH band Q knob all the way to the left.
With the default EQ settings, the HIGH band is a shelving type. (The value field for the Q knob will indicate "H.SHL".)
If you turn the Q knob toward the left, the Q knob value field will change to a numerical value, and will switch to the same boost/cut type as the HI-MID and LO-MID bands.
If you continue turning the Q knob toward the left, the Q knob value field will indicate "LPF," and the HIGH band will function as a low-pass filter. If "LPF" is selected, you can use the HIGH band G knob to switch the low-pass filter on/off.
7	To switch the EQ on/off, press the [ENTER] key.
In the EDIT page, you can press the [ENTER] key to switch the EQ on/off (except when the cursor is located at the FLAT button).

HINT
If the meter display clips because you boosted a certain band, lower the ATT. knob to attenuate the signal.
The [EQ] knob of the Selected Channel section will still operate even while the EDIT page of the EQ screen is displayed.

Editing the dynamics parameters
You can perform detailed editing of the dynamics parameters in the same way as for the EQ parameters.

1	Press an [INPUT SEL] key, a pad 1 to 4, a [TRACK SEL] key, or the [STEREO SEL] key to select the channel whose dynamics parameters you want to edit.
2	From the dynamics library, recall the settings that are closest to what you have in mind.
3	Repeatedly press the Selected Channel section [DYN] knob or hold down the [DYN] knob and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the EDIT page of the DYN screen.

1	ON/OFF button
Switches dynamics on/off.

2	TYPE
Indicates the currently selected dynamics type. The displayed indication has the following meaning.

COMP
Compressor

EXPAND
Expander

GATE
Gate

COMPAND-H
Compander (hard)

COMPAND-S
Compander (soft)

DUCKING
Ducking

NOTE
You cannot change the dynamics type in this page. If you want to use a different type, you must recall library settings that use the desired type.

3	Response curve
This graph indicates the approximate response of dynamics settings. The horizontal axis of the graph is the input level, and the vertical axis is the output level.

4	KEYIN SOURCE
Selects one of the following as the trigger signal (key-in signal) that will control dynamics processing.

SELF
The post-EQ signal of the currently selected channel

LEFT
The post-EQ signal of the adjacent channel to the left

AUX1
The signal immediately before the master send level of the AUX 1 bus

AUX2
The signal immediately before the master send level of the AUX 2 bus

NOTE
You will not be able to select LEFT if you have selected input channel 1, pad channel 1, track channel 1, or the stereo output channel.

HINT
Dynamics settings and operation are linked for paired channels and for the stereo output channel. In this case, dynamics processing will operate simultaneously for both channels if either channel exceeds the threshold level.

5	GR (Gain Reduction)
Indicates the amount of gain reduction produced by the dynamics processor, in a range of -18 dB to 0 dB.

6	Output meter
Indicates the level of the signal after it has passed through the dynamics processor.

7	Parameters
Here you can edit the parameters of the dynamics processor. The type of parameters and their ranges will differ depending on the dynamics processor type. For details on the types of parameter and their function, refer to the appendix.

4	Move the cursor to the parameter that you want to edit, and use the [DATA/JOG] dial to edit the value.
5	To switch dynamics on/off, press the [ENTER] key.
In the EDIT page, you can press the [ENTER] key to switch dynamics on/off regardless of the cursor location.
Please be aware that if you edit even one parameter in the EDIT page of the DYN screen, the operation of the Selected Channel section [DYN] knob will change as follows for that channel.

1	Immediately after recalling a read-only library that contains dynamics settings, turning the [DYN] knob will simultaneously adjust multiple parameters to affect the dynamics processing. (The amount of change will depend on the last-recalled library.)

2	For a channel for which you edited even one parameter in the EDIT page of the DYN screen, turning the [DYN] knob will adjust only the last-edited parameter. (The last-edited parameter is remembered for each channel.)s

3	If you once again recall a read-only library that contains dynamics settings, turning the [DYN] knob will again simultaneously adjust multiple parameters.

Editing the parameters of an internal effect
By using the EDIT page of the EFF1 screen or EFF2 screen, you can make detailed edits to the effect parameters of the internal effects 1 and 2.
If an effect is internally connected via send/return in the mixer section, the parameters (EQ, pan, AUX send, etc.) of the return channel that processes the return signal can also be edited in this page.
As an example, here's how you can edit the settings of internal effect 1, internally connected via send/return.

1	For internal effect 1, recall an effect library that uses the desired effect type.
You cannot change the effect type (e.g., reverb, delay) in the EDIT page. You must first recall library settings that use the desired type.
2	In the Selected Channel section, repeatedly press the [EFFECT 1] knob or hold down the [EFFECT 1] knob and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the EDIT page of the EFF1 screen.
The EDIT page lets you edit all of the effect parameters.

1	BYPASS ON/OFF button
Switches effect bypass on/off. For effects connected to the send/return loop, however, this function mutes or un-mutes the effect rather than turning bypass on or off.

2	TYPE
Indicates the type of the currently selected effect.

NOTE
You cannot change the effect type in this page. If you want to use a different type, you must recall library settings that use the desired effect type.

3	STEREO/MONO
Indicates whether the effect is stereo or monaural. A stereo-input effect is indicated by S, and a monaural-input effect is indicated by M.

4	USED AS
Indicates how this effect is being used. If the effect is internally connected to the mixer section via send/return, this will indicate "EFF1" or "EFF2." If the effect is inserted into a specific channel, this will indicate the name of the channel into which the effect is inserted (e.g., "INPUT 1").

5	Parameter page/Return channel page
In this area you can edit the various effect parameters. The content and range of the parameters will depend on the currently-used effect type.
If the effect is internally connected to the mixer section via send/return, this area will show the mix parameters of the return channel, allowing you to edit them.
3	Move the cursor to the effect parameter that you want to edit, and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial to edit the value.
Depending on the effect type, this area may be used to show multiple parameter pages. In this case, repeatedly press the CURSOR [Down] keys to access the parameter page that contains the parameter you want to edit.
For example, the illustration below shows the parameter pages for the STEREO DELAY effect type.

(Figure)
MIX BAL. parameter

HINT
The parameter pages show the parameters that are specific to that effect type. However for all effect types, the lower right of the last parameter page will have a MIX BAL. parameter which sets the mix balance between the effect sound and the original sound.

4	To edit the mix parameters of the return channel, access the last parameter page, and then press the CURSOR [Down] keys once again.
If the effect is internally connected to the mixer section via send/return, you can repeatedly press the CURSOR [Down] keys to access the mix parameters of the return channel. The following pages are the same for all effect types.

1	EFF2SEND
Adjusts the level at which the signal is sent from the return channel to the other internal effect.

NOTE
You cannot send the signal from return channel 1 to insert effect 1 (since this would mean sending the signal back to the same effect itself). For this reason, the EDIT page of the EFF1 screen has no send level to effect 1. For the same reason, the EDIT page of the EFF2 screen has no send level to effect 2.

2	AUX1SEND
3	AUX2SEND
These adjust the send level of the signal that is sent from the return channel to AUX buses 1/2.

4	EFF2 PRE/POST
Switches the signal that is sent from the return channel to the other effect bus between pre-fader and post-fader.

5	AUX1 PRE/POST
6	AUX2 PRE/POST
These switch the signals that are sent from the return channel to AUX buses 1/2 between pre-fader and post-fader.

1	EQ HIGH GAIN
2	EQ HIGH FREQ
3	EQ HIGH Q
4	EQ H-MID GAIN
5	EQ H-MID FREQ
6	EQ H-MID Q
These specify the gain, frequency, and Q for the HIGH and HI-MID bands of the return channel EQ. The range of each parameter is the same as in the EDIT page of the EQ screen.

1	EQ L-MID GAIN
2	EQ L-MID FREQ
3	EQ L-MID Q
4	EQ LOW GAIN
5	EQ LOW FREQ
6	EQ LOW Q
These specify the gain, frequency, and Q for the LO-MID and LOW bands of the return channel EQ. The range of each parameter is the same as in the EDIT page of the EQ screen.

1	PAN L
2	PAN R
Independently specify the return channel panning for the L and R channels.

3	RETURN
Adjusts the input level for return channel 1.

5	Access the desired return channel page, move the cursor to a parameter, and turn the [DATA/JOG] dial.
6	To switch effect BYPASS on/off, press the [ENTER] key.
In the EDIT page, you can press the [ENTER] key to switch BYPASS on/off regardless of the current location.

Inserting an effect into a track channel
The chapter "Track recording" explained how to insert an internal effect into an input channel. In the same way, you can also insert an effect into a track channel or pad channel. As an example, here's how to insert internal effect 1 into a track channel for use during mixdown or bouncing.

1	In the Selected Channel section, repeatedly press the [EFFECT 1] knob or hold down the [EFFECT 1] knob and use the CURSOR [Up]/[Down] keys to access the SEND page of the EFF1 screen.

NOTE
If the displayed page is different than shown above, make sure that a track channel is selected as the object of operations. (This is indicated in the upper left of the screen.) If an input channel/pad channel is selected, press any one of the [TRACK SEL] keys.

2	Move the cursor to the EFF INSERT field of the track channel into which you want to insert an effect, and press the [ENTER] key.
A popup window will appear, asking whether it is ok to release internal effect 1 from the send/return connection.
3	Move the cursor to the OK button and press the [ENTER] key.
Internal effect 1 will be inserted into the selected track channel.
4	Press the [EFFECT 1] knob twice to access the LIBRARY page of the EFF1 screen.
5	Select the library that you want to use for that channel.

NOTE
If you insert an internal effect into a channel, the SEND page of the EFF1 screen will no longer show return channel pages 1 to 4. To adjust the balance between the original sound and the effect sound, use the MIX BAL. parameter that is shown in the last parameter page.

HINT
You can also insert an effect by using the effect insert field in the CH VIEW page of the VIEW screen (-> p. 94).


This is the end of the file.